Tesla standards | TM-2011

Tesla standards | TM-2011

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Steel TypeTesla CalloutTypical Forming Method
MILD DRAWINGCR1-140-270-SCold Stamp
MILD DEEP DRAWINGCR2-140-270-SCold Stamp
MILD SPECIAL DEEP DRAWINGCR3-140-270-SCold Stamp
MILD EXTRA DEEP DRAWINGCR4-140-270-SCold Stamp
MILD SUPER DEEP DRAWINGCR5-110-260-SCold Stamp
MILD DEEP DRAWINGHR2-180-270-SCold Stamp
MILD SPECIAL DEEP DRAWINGHR3-180-270-SCold Stamp
HIGH STRENGTH LAW ALLOYCR-340-410-LA-SCold Stamp
HIGH STRENGTH LAW ALLOYCR-420-480-LA-SCold Stamp
HIGH STRENGTH LAW ALLOYCR-460-520-LA-SCold Stamp
HIGH STRENGTH LAW ALLOYCR-500-560-LA/AI-SCold Stamp
HIGH STRENGTH LAW ALLOYCR-550-650-LA/AI-SCold Stamp
HIGH STRENGTH LAW ALLOYHR-340-420-LA-SCold Stamp
HIGH STRENGTH LAW ALLOYHR-420-480-LA-SCold Stamp
HIGH STRENGTH LAW ALLOYHR-460-520-LA-SCold Stamp
HIGH STRENGTH LAW ALLOYHR-500-560-LA-SCold Stamp
HIGH STRENGTH LAW ALLOYHR-550-610-LA-SCold Stamp
HIGH STRENGTH LAW ALLOYHR-650-700-LA-SCold Stamp
HIGH STRENGTH LAW ALLOYHR-660-780-LA-SCold Stamp
HIGH STRENGTH LAW ALLOYHR-700-750-LA-SCold Stamp
HIGH STRENGTH LAW ALLOYHR-380-450-LAS-SCold Stamp
HIGH STRENGTH LAW ALLOYHR-550-650-LAS-SCold Stamp
CARBON MANGANESECR-420-590-CMn-SCold Stamp
CARBON MANGANESEHR-420-590-CMn-SCold Stamp
BAKE HARDENINGCR-180-290-BH-SCold Stamp
BAKE HARDENINGCR-240-340-BH-SCold Stamp
BAKE HARDENINGCR-300-390-BH-SCold Stamp
DUAL PHASECR-290-490-DP-SCold Stamp
DUAL PHASECR-330-590-DP-SCold Stamp
DUAL PHASECR-440-480-DP-SCold Stamp
DUAL PHASECR-590-980-DP-SCold Stamp
DUAL PHASECR-700-980-DP-SCold Stamp / Roll Form
DUAL PHASECR-900-1180-DP-SCold Stamp / Roll Form
DUAL PHASECR-1150-1270-DP-SRoll Form
DUAL PHASEHR-330-580-DP-SCold Stamp
TRIPCR-400-690-TR-SCold Stamp
TRIPCR-450-780-TR-SCold Stamp
TRIPCR-600-980-TR-SCold Stamp
TRIPCR-850-1180-TR-SCold Stamp
COMPLEX PHASECR-570-780-CP-SCold Stamp
COMPLEX PHASECR-600-980-CP-SCold Stamp
COMPLEX PHASECR-850-1180-CP-SCold Stamp
COMPLEX PHASEHR-660-760-CP-SCold Stamp
COMPLEX PHASEHR-720-950-CP-SCold Stamp / Roll Form
FERRITIC-BAINITICHR-440-580-FB-SCold Stamp
MARTENSITICCR-1050-1300-MS-SRoll Form
MARTENSITICCR-1200-1500-MS-SRoll Form
MARTENSITICCR-1350-1700-MS-SRoll Form
MARTENSITICHR-900-1180-MS-SRoll Form

Tesla standard TM-2011 – Flat steel: Technical specification and nomenclature

The Tesla standard TM-2011 forms the basis for flat steel products used in modern vehicles and industrial applications. It specifies detailed requirements for material properties, coating options and nomenclature. This ensures that the flat steels used meet the highest demands in terms of strength, formability and workability.

Material types:

The standard distinguishes between different types of steel in order to achieve an optimum balance between strength, ductility and formability.

Mild steel: These steels are characterized by high ductility and excellent formability with relatively low yield strength. Within this category, a distinction is made between interstitial free (IF) steels – typically silicon-killed – and non-IF steels – usually aluminum-killed. Highly formable variants are often stabilized by adding titanium, niobium or boron in order to minimize the use of carbon or nitrogen.
High Strength Low Alloy (LA): These steels, also known as HSLA, achieve increased strength through micro-alloying additives such as vanadium, niobium, titanium or molybdenum. Targeted sulphur control, known as LAS, also improves edge elongation and bending strength.
Carbon Manganese (CMn): As an intermediate stage between HSLA and dual-phase steels, CMn steels offer pronounced hardening behavior.
Bake hardening (BH): These steels develop a significant increase in yield strength during the bake hardening process, although the temperature-dependent strengthening can affect the storage and shipping process.
Dual Phase (DP): With a microstructure of martensitic regions in a ferritic matrix, dual phase steels offer strong strengthening and are ideal for forming processes with high elongation behavior.
Transformation Induced Plasticity (TR) / TRIP: These steels have a typical ferritic/bainitic microstructure with residual austenite, which transforms into martensite during processing, resulting in pronounced hardening.
Complex Phase (CP): Thanks to fine-grained, multiphase microstructures that combine hard phases in a ductile matrix, these steels offer a balanced combination of strength and formability.
Martensitic (MS) and Ferritic Bainitic (FB): These steels are characterized by a predominantly martensitic or bainitic structure, which leads to particularly high strength or optimized mechanical properties.
Future grades: In addition to the currently named steel types, the standard also includes future grades such as high-strength IF steels, small grain size low-alloy (MC) micro-alloyed steels and twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steels in order to meet the growing requirements of the industry.

Coatings:

The TM-2011 standard allows the use of various coating processes in order to optimally adapt the flat steel to the respective application conditions.

Galvanized (GI): Hot immersion in an almost pure zinc melt ensures a robust protective layer.
Electrogalvanized (EG): An electrolytic process ensures a very pure zinc coating.
Galvannealed (GA): Subsequent annealing produces a zinc-iron alloy layer that provides a matt, gray surface.
Aluminum-Silicon (AS), Zinc-Nickel (ZN) and Zinc Magnesium (ZM): These coatings offer specialized properties in terms of corrosion protection and adhesion.
Uncoated (UC): For applications that require no additional surface treatment.

Nomenclature:

The Tesla standard TM-2011 defines a standardized format for the specification of steel grades, which enables the material properties to be clearly identified. The format is as follows:

[ Rolling Type – (formability) ] – [ Min YS ] – [ Min UTS ] – [ Steel type ] – S – [ Coating type ] [ Coating mass ] – [ Surface quality ]

Rolling Type: Indicates whether the steel is cold rolled (CR) or hot rolled (HR).
Formability: For mild steels, a number from 1 to 5 is given to evaluate the formability.
Min YS and Min UTS: Stand for the minimum yield and tensile strength.
Steel Type: Refers to the specific alloy composition and manufacturing technology.
S: Indicates that it is a flat product.
Coating Type and Coating Mass: Describe the coating process used and the coating thickness applied.
Surface Quality: Indicates the surface quality.

An example of this is:

CR1-140-270-S-EG60/60-U

which describes a cold-rolled mild steel with high formability, a minimum yield strength of 140 MPa, a minimum tensile strength of 270 MPa and an electrogalvanized coating of at least 60 g/m² on both sides.

Overall, the Tesla standard TM-2011 offers a comprehensive and detailed specification for flat steel that meets the highest requirements of modern manufacturing processes. Thanks to the precise definition of material types, coatings and standardized nomenclature, flat steel products can be optimally selected and processed. This standard supports both efficiency and innovation in the development of modern, high-performance components.

Benjamin Schmidt
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Benjamin Schmidt

+49 2841/60041 121

+49 173/4791333

Benjamin.Schmidt@ESB-Group.com

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